2 I" k$ y- v5 M' \ A曼德拉為享譽全球的民權鬥士,曾被奉行種族隔離政策的南非白人政府囚禁27年;他於1993年獲頒諾貝爾和平奬,94年獲票選成為南非首位黑人總統。曼德拉是20世紀最偉大的政治家之一,畢生致力終結南非的種族隔離,為南非建立一個真正平等的多元種族民主政體。% g9 t: q* @, i! n
+ U i, O4 |+ H) [5 e3 @1 a
曼德拉1918年7月18號生於特蘭斯凱的Thembu族酋長家庭,被指定為酋長繼承人,但他放棄「皇位」,並為逃離盲婚啞嫁出走,到約翰內斯堡的大學攻讀法律,並偕同友人Oliver Tambo設立了南非首家黑人律師行。1944年,36歲的曼德拉加入反種族隔離組織非洲民族議會(African National Congress, ANC)。 / m% i' x. a- o. c: M& \1 [1 gos.tvboxnow.com. S6 P, O+ @; s: s 反種族隔離 煽動罪下獄 ( k% r- ?5 E9 n: Y6 h) [% `TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。$ q" `- P7 a& Q$ `
南非數百年來均由來自荷蘭、英國等地的白人殖民者掌權,剝奪黑人權利,以保持白人經濟優勢及領導的種族隔離政策,早於殖民時代已有;20世紀初南非獨立後,只佔18%人口的白人仍掌控南非政治和所有經濟環節,「種族隔離」更於1948年正式成為國策。 9 {7 ~% p: i1 Q- \. l0 M# Ftvb now,tvbnow,bttvb 9 [2 T# B, s& a7 N4 p) Pos.tvboxnow.com曼德拉領導ANC,以非暴力形式反對種族隔離,但政府屢對示威群眾暴力鎮壓。1960年,南非當局將ANC等解放組織列為非法組織,曼德拉於是領導ANC的武裝分翼,轉入地下抗爭,逃亡兩年後最終被捕。1962年,43歲的曼德拉被控以「煽動罪」等罪,罪成判囚5年,1964年再被加控「陰謀顛覆罪」,改判無期徒刑。 5 A- n# Q% p t! |TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 7 Y) q5 @7 ]" {4 ]5 T牢獄生涯的首18年,曼德拉被囚在惡名昭彰的羅本島(Robben Island),生活在極狹小的囚室內,每日被逼做苦役。非人待遇並未磨蝕曼德拉的意志:他在獄中完成回憶錄《走向自由的漫漫長路》(Long Walk to Freedom)的數百頁手稿。被囚後期,曼德拉患上肺結核;外界普遍認為這是曼德拉晚年肺部屢受感染的原因。 4 l! C6 W. W" W( r6 b 1 i) m1 H1 k* i# B3 p" hos.tvboxnow.com被囚在監獄鐵窗之內的曼德拉,成為反種族隔離運動的象徵,得到全球關注;逼於各國的經濟制裁及政治壓力,南非政府於1990年2月釋放曼德拉。 , G& Q& w! @0 L) \' mos.tvboxnow.com公仔箱論壇/ R3 T; t2 W$ [8 O1 z 復仇與遺忘之間,還有寛恕TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。7 g% y* N# T9 b# Q d
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。4 o L- ?6 t! J# i% e" {
只佔南非人口不足兩成的白人,在南非實施種族隔離,剝奪有色人種的政治、經濟甚至是基本人權,不擇手段地打壓有色人種的生存空間;曼德拉獲釋,顯示白人政府的種族隔離政策已離結束不遠 ─ 有白人不捨得將享受多年的特權交出,又擔心會被清算,被佔南非人口八成的黑人清算往日惡行;部份黑人則主張向白人復仇,追究到底。 8 G/ E+ p1 t1 w7 w" ]( ^% r/ E( y) ~: ]3 \
但曼德拉的立場由始至終沒有改變。他窮畢生之力爭取的,並非黑人或任何一個族群的利益,而是建立多元種族共融的南非,建立一個不論膚色人種,均可平等共處的自由社會。* O b, ^$ }1 z6 _9 V
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。& z& o" ~2 B X n8 E
對於南非令人不敢回望的過去,曼德拉並沒有選擇逃避;在復仇與遺忘之間,還有寛恕。1990年2月11日下午4點,72歲的曼德拉步出 Victor Verster 監獄。曼德拉如此描述自己踏出囚牢的心情: ) p$ F* Y1 f! d' i' stvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
“As I walked out the door toward the gate that would lead to my freedom, I knew if I didn’t leave my bitterness and hatred behind, I’d still be in prison.” % C2 L- c8 F" c' U: v
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。0 O L' r; u$ j% R9 l# a( L
圖:http://www.nelsonmandelas.com/tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb1 p4 n* w8 ]; f2 X
1 X) C8 Y! G8 a3 R8 K
曾被逼拿起武器對抗強權的曼德拉,經歷27年牢獄生涯之後,卻能夠放下所有怨對與仇恨,選擇以最溫和的手段改變南非;在這過程中,曼德拉始終堅持平等的價值,並相信寛恕的力量。公仔箱論壇 O, z( @7 n; p& u
os.tvboxnow.com C3 F# Y: o I9 f3 W- q
It was during those long and lonely years that my hunger for the freedom of my own people became a hunger for the freedom of all people, white and black. A man who takes away another man's freedom is a prisoner of hatred, he is locked behind the bars of prejudice and narrow-mindedness. The oppressed and the oppressor alike are robbed of their humanity.os.tvboxnow.com; Q" i7 \* [* D$ j- K" V
I knew as well as I knew anything that the oppressor must be liberated just as surely as the oppressed. 7 |* ^9 E" F, c x
(Long Walk to Freedom)& I8 Y! ~7 [0 B* M$ R
$ Y8 y" p [$ n. ?, V4 T公仔箱論壇
! z$ z0 ^7 x+ |/ m6 v: T# w
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。: E+ W: E/ X9 g, Q9 n2 v, V 黎明前的黑暗 腥風血雨下的和平談判 # |/ N; m; N5 c1 X" dtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb 2 J4 \2 J. b: j, o南非政府種族隔離政策遺下的禍,並未因曼德拉1990年獲釋而消解。 8 y5 T% e$ `# y( h: O, Y. f & ^0 @8 Q: o5 s, LTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。曼德拉仍在獄中時,已多次與掌政官員會面,就和平過渡展開談判。出獄後,曼德拉領導的ANC,與克拉克領導的政府及其他南非政黨經年累月地磋商,才最終促成種族平權。+ a2 _/ s( d- b/ z# f F1 h- s
黎明前的夜最是漆黑。1990-1994年間,談判如火如荼地進行,種族隔離的規例一條一條被廢除,但這段時間也被死守種族主義的南非白人視為掙扎的最後時機;而目睹白人政權逐步瓦解,亦有黑人對曼德拉提倡的種族多元政權感不滿,認為應完全由黑人掌權。 " I, [ i! O' D1 F$ t! lTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。os.tvboxnow.com7 i& j0 y+ e" t+ ^7 H, M* w
當時的南非充斥著街頭暴力與暗殺,堪稱南非實施種族隔離以來,最黑暗的年代。1990-1993年間有數以千計的黑人與白人在政治鬥爭中死去;1993-1994年間,死亡數字更急劇上升。 / _$ [2 d! X0 W1 I2 t白人政府更一度被指是暴力行為的幕後黑手,談判各陣營的信任陷入危機。1993年4月,受大量黑人青年支持的ANC領袖Chris Hani被激進右翼份仔暗殺,更使雙方支持者的對立更嚴重,由Hani之死而起的衝突造成逾70人死亡,媒體形容內戰一觸即發;就在國內形勢漸趨緊張之時,曼德拉透過電視向全國演講,呼籲民眾不要再次陷落暴力的惡性循環,唯有民主才可團各種族國民: ; b4 H3 [8 e' C, i. M. f" Wos.tvboxnow.com # Q; U% P$ Z* E3 A" U0 M% tTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
Now is the time for all South Africans to stand together against those who, from any quarter, wish to destroy what Chris Hani gave his life for - the freedom of all of us. & K5 D/ P! W) Q: T- r9 pTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 8 P) H W) U3 F* H* E公仔箱論壇This is a watershed moment for all of us. We must not let the men who worship war, and who lust after blood, precipitate actions that will plunge our country into another Angola. Chris Hani has made the supreme sacrifice. The greatest tribute we can pay to his life's work is to ensure we win that freedom for all our people. : G7 M$ M% E5 C! ^) b3 p% t' p0 D9 l, d% N
We should constantly keep our minds on the broad picture that has emerged. The wounds of the period of repression and resistance are too deep to have been healed by the TRC alone, however well it has encouraged us along that path. 5 w: T g2 K* `% C 2 b0 k9 q/ E; D1 o+ HTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。It is for those who have suffered losses of different kinds and magnitudes to be afforded reparation, proceeding from the premise that freedom and dignity are the real prize that our sacrifices were meant to attain. Free at last, we are all masters of our destiny. , y( e/ _" ]4 J5 ]2 H( }. V
3 ~( H9 [$ q: ~- G( s8 C* [5 B' ios.tvboxnow.comThe sight of freedom looming on the horizon should encourage us to redouble our efforts.os.tvboxnow.com0 B* `0 ~; d3 l V$ j% m
% m/ ]5 v: h+ L w) aIt is only through disciplined mass action that our victory can be assured. We call on our white compatriots to join us in the shaping of a new South Africa. The freedom movement is a political home for you too. We call on the international community to continue the campaign to isolate the apartheid regime. To lift sanctions now would be to run the risk of aborting the process towards the complete eradication of apartheid.1 h; K$ x$ n& z, t
公仔箱論壇4 m6 B9 E8 S7 }' B: c
Our march to freedom is irreversible. We must not allow fear to stand in our way. Universal suffrage on a common voters' roll in a united democratic and non-racial South Africa is the only way to peace and racial harmony.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 d3 S; p0 d- ?# N3 Z$ f' c
5 D7 ?8 X3 s" q# d6 o0 U9 l" ios.tvboxnow.comIn conclusion I wish to quote my own words during my trial in 1964. They are as true today as they were then. I wrote:TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。! N* G- j9 c# B! I5 `
'I have fought against white domination and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.'0 b" x- J T' B0 q C
! x2 }4 k( L, p6 ~# H B* k8 L; P. M7 ^* `" r公仔箱論壇 / P" `% p$ B# H- t" z# P9 v3 |7 S b- H
奧巴馬悼曼德拉:He belongs to the ages 8 U" U/ Q4 J# h2 { U7 o ! Y. V& a1 e8 `5 v0 C( Qos.tvboxnow.com公仔箱論壇3 \8 \' |4 X9 S. G
南非前總統曼德拉,於南非時間昨夜約9時,在約翰內斯堡的寓所安祥去世,享年95歲。os.tvboxnow.com* K6 R r4 U% J$ D# j/ `- A
( `1 D& }. t& J" \! {8 N' W$ N南非總統祖馬(Jacob Zuma)於當地時間昨日,透過電視講話向國民宣佈曼德拉離世的消息,並宣佈為其舉行國葬,南非各地明日起為曼德拉降半旗,直至葬禮完畢。os.tvboxnow.com7 Y- r5 ~3 J0 A9 W$ d0 |' c& l
祖馬形容,南非失去了其最偉大的兒子,南非人民亦失去了一位父親。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。0 v7 `" q3 ^6 N+ G
公仔箱論壇' i, D7 k% S2 f/ g B, W
世界各國領袖亦對曼德拉離世,致以深切哀悼。 2 t/ L6 i7 }% H J% L8 U0 N3 D$ t3 j公仔箱論壇* a4 O5 d0 I8 N% x 聯合國秘書長潘基文9 Y+ Y% {" f. w; _8 o) H2 ~
Nelson Mandela was a giant for justice and a down-to-earth human inspiration. Many around the world were greatly influenced by his selfless struggle for human dignity, equality and freedom. He touched our lives in deeply personal ways. At the same time, no-one did more in our time to advance the values and aspirations of the United Nations. Nelson Mandela showed what is possible for our world and within each one of us - if we believe, dream and work together for justice and humanity.; F* y; U7 V7 z% w" J
美國總統奧巴馬TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。+ C+ B: u. h* n' O
We've lost one of the most influential, courageous and profoundly good human beings that any of us will share time with. He no longer belongs to us, he belongs to the ages... His commitment to transfer power and reconcile with those who jailed him set an example that all humanity should aspire to.公仔箱論壇, ?1 f5 d1 e$ m- M: K' V
The world is a better place for Nelson Mandela. He showed in his own character, and inspired in others, many of God's attributes: goodness, compassion, a desire for justice, peace, forgiveness and reconciliation. He was not only an amazing gift to humankind, he made South Africans and Africans feel good about being who we are. He made us walk tall. God be praised.公仔箱論壇) F4 a( ?. e9 }$ p7 Y0 d
A great light has gone out in the world. Nelson Mandela was a hero of our time. I've asked for the flag at No10 to be flown at half mast. ( X( v) A& F+ u9 Dtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
Nelson Mandela made history. That of South Africa and the whole world. Nelson Mandela's message will not disappear. It will continue to inspire fighters for freedom, and to give confidence to peoples in the defence of just causes and universal rights. 7 S* ^/ y. n, R9 g: F& ?os.tvboxnow.com
South Africa has lost one of its founding fathers and one of its greatest sons. Nelson Mandela's courage, charm and commitment to reconciliation and to the Constitution were an inspiration not only for South Africans but for the whole world. # a6 K$ _2 W% T0 y* _* d, f& M公仔箱論壇I believe that his example will live on and that it will continue to inspire all South Africans to achieve his vision of non-racialism, justice, human dignity and equality for all. Tata, we shall miss you - but know that your spirit and example will always be there to guide us to the vision of a better and more just South Africa. # W) y% b8 j# D- u& |0 f3 w V
tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb N) w2 c. _ h, n
os.tvboxnow.com+ {+ R9 I4 `3 F7 i5 E
區家麟: 風雨中抱緊自由公仔箱論壇! D$ _8 ?: G/ _% f$ i7 X$ ~0 g
tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb) L( Y, v' U* P3 a9 u6 x
( o# Y& u5 K+ @3 \tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb+ e% Y5 y% r' | ^, o
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。; w" O- O8 y" J
還記得,那年在南非,是曼德拉當上總統後的一兩年。os.tvboxnow.com7 i/ W/ M8 `; `; f$ E$ V2 S
os.tvboxnow.com' X+ j `9 z* z
遇到的每位南非黑人,神采飛揚,眼神閃爍自信,充滿希望;但貧民窟繼續狂亂,城市森林不能久留,白人住別墅有泳池。os.tvboxnow.com' x6 K, O! j% O, ~& f/ X
6 J0 [; S( m5 Z s" h公仔箱論壇充滿疑惑,說不清,看不明。 M0 U* O$ H: z! stvb now,tvbnow,bttvbos.tvboxnow.com8 A. Q3 M0 F1 S1 w
遊歷的甜美,在看不明白,激發好奇心,我拿起旅館裡破舊的南非歷史故事,在開普敦買了曼德拉自傳 Long Walk to Freedom,瞬間啃下了七百幾頁。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。/ z- x) V* j7 a
最後一頁,結語。 $ i! a% V/ t% N( Vtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb公仔箱論壇3 ?5 ]5 C1 B1 v5 _# \2 b7 D0 h
面對新時代,權力在手,曼德拉謙遜,尋求大和解,而且做到了:os.tvboxnow.com0 l! t4 E3 _$ G' {( s+ D
「要解放受壓逼者,也要解放壓逼者……奪去他人自由的人,自己也是仇恨的囚徒,困鎖於偏狹的欄柵背後……當我步出監獄,這是我的使命:去解放被壓逼者與壓逼者……自由,不只是掙脫枷鎖,更要尊重與促進其他人的自由。我們熱愛自由,真正考驗才剛開始。」 % `: e8 e7 @1 c3 @: s
「我走過了通往自由的長路。我嘗試不去猶豫;我曾踏錯腳步。但我發現了一個秘密:翻過了一座大山,只發現前路有更多的山。我稍作休息,偷看一眼當前的壯麗風景,回望來時路。但我只能歇息一會,享有自由,就要負起責任,我不敢久留,漫漫長路,還未到終點。」 , U6 L2 k1 l7 p* ~5 X0 G, d2 sos.tvboxnow.comTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。% R' C/ m7 x, N- F7 g
(I have walked that long road to freedom. I have tried not to falter; I have made missteps along the way. But I have discovered the secret that after climbing a great hill, one only finds that there are many hills to climb. I have taken a moment here to rest, to steal a view of the glorious vista that surrounds me, to look back on the distance I have come. But I can rest only for a moment, for with freedom come responsibilities, and I dare not linger, for my long walk is not yet ended.)
借花敬佛,送給那些壯志未竟,仍在艱辛奮鬥的人。公仔箱論壇 i4 d$ c+ J0 m/ ~8 W! X
9 T! W1 O- Q5 c6 O3 {6 {4 ]▲祖馬呼籲民眾在悼念的同時高聲歌頌曼德拉。 3 F/ a6 M6 ~+ C4 F. ^tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb # W% Q- l/ h( |南非民權領袖曼德拉總統的官方悼念活動以「全國祈禱日」拉開帷幕,總統祖馬呼籲國民到教堂、體育場、清真寺或猶太教堂等為曼德拉禱告,歌頌曼德拉。tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb) ^3 T) e/ _/ q! b/ O
公仔箱論壇0 X! S2 N+ m) K& |
祖馬星期天(12月8日)將在約翰內斯堡一家基督教循道宗教堂參加崇拜,另一位前總統姆貝基則會到同市的牛津猶太教堂禱告。 ' E: }: B3 u0 F! J# G: S) }tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb / |7 `$ S2 o! O5 u$ G比勒陀利亞政府將於星期二(10日)於約翰內斯堡市郊一座大型體育場舉行官方悼念集會,到15日舉行國葬。 2 X9 x' o* m; m3 }+ A( q, K公仔箱論壇! ?( u; f' G# s2 @; o6 I2 o
美國白宮星期六宣佈,總統奧巴馬伉儷將到南非出席星期二的悼念集會。前總統布什、克林頓與卡特也將會參與。os.tvboxnow.com3 H& o. @( j E4 N7 T. N
公仔箱論壇9 N7 h, f; x0 l1 ?7 H
自曼德拉於上星期四(5日)辭世以來,到其約翰內斯堡和索韋託故居集會弔唁的群眾絡繹不絕。tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb: c$ F' |5 V( c0 X9 b* w
公仔箱論壇) z" y4 C9 v# V2 G. n: n: K+ Y& Z
os.tvboxnow.com9 p# J: u$ k' V: H* r* z
▲約翰內斯堡曼德拉故居是過去幾天的悼念中心之一。tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb3 Z K9 Q7 u/ Q7 a6 M7 m
) N. m. T, j8 Y n- ~3 p7 tos.tvboxnow.comBBC記者羅賓斯在約翰內斯堡報導說,雖然如此,但比勒陀利亞政府和執政黨非洲人國民大會希望偏遠地區社群也能緊密參與這些悼念活動。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。, G- G% n4 |+ C L- N) e! P
1 b, K7 e8 Y# c% U& q" jos.tvboxnow.com在為期一週的官方悼念活動期間,南非所有政府大樓都將下半旗,全國各地均設立弔唁冊供民眾簽署。 7 R: h8 d5 o7 J2 b1 s Y公仔箱論壇tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb1 m8 [0 }1 P' P3 V+ h: h
南非政府的一份聲明談及了曼德拉總統生前對於他希望人們以後怎樣紀念他的想法。# I2 I4 \) a3 Z
3 J. Q3 A8 g& U+ k
曼德拉說:「要是讓我來說希望人們怎樣紀念我,那未免太自負了。」! A6 y6 ~: w$ H% G) t
e$ u M# p. |+ s M0 p: {
「我寧可把這個問題交給全體南非人民來決定。我只需要一塊簡單的墓碑,上面寫著:『曼德拉』。」 # | _6 Q8 e* L1 R& z& s1 ~os.tvboxnow.com 3 U6 w# ^3 y T/ n) |