[國際] 大道之行：洩密如暴走列車

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叛諜洩密事件擾攘逾月仍未有平息的迹象。美國政府在得到歐洲盟友積極配合下，至今仍未能緝捕斯諾登歸案，反而「秘料」愈爆愈多，「流血」不止。美國總統奧巴馬被狠批為偽君子，講一套做一套，民望大幅下滑；歐洲諸國政府也被視作「合謀者」，同樣被輿論抨擊，日子很不好過。公仔箱論壇* u% W" [7 a4 N& g. U
洩密如「暴走列車」，近乎失控。西方媒體日日有揭秘報道，矛頭直指歐美各大國政府的情報機關其實有緊密的合作關係，尤其是英國與美國，共同分享情報資料，在反恐的藉口下，齊齊監控民間網絡，侵犯私隱，踐踏人權，社會卻一無所知。情報機關膽大包天，欺上瞞下，駭人聽聞。" t5 \& ^8 ?$ F: [: |# m6 J
像法國這個號稱高度重視人權的歐洲大國，據法國《世界報》揭露，該國情報機關「對外安全局」（DGSE）自二○一○年起，有系統地秘密截取法國境內及對外的一切電腦、電話通訊數據，然後儲存於超級電腦內，國內的不同部門，包括來自軍方、警隊及特殊情報小組等，均可分享，整個過程不受法律規管，情況一如美國的「稜鏡」計劃。
7 \8 [; x: u) n, e1 u: F4 w- y) k/ los.tvboxnow.com歐美各國情報機關的合謀者，現在惶惶不可終日，壓力固然來自社會及傳媒鍥而不捨的追蹤報道，來自政府高層及議會的不滿聲音也不能忽略。估計未來一段時間，教民眾感到震驚的所謂「國家機密」仍將陸續被爆，《衞報》記者聲稱手頭還有過千個密件。斯諾登洩密，有如擲出超級核彈，核輻射一瀉千里。

felicity2010

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- `) g- @; r' s5 P+ Z9 d# }公仔箱論壇斯諾登今晚9點見人權組織代表* k! ~' `  W6 ]! Y/ [

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: B" {! ~; \% d; u5 o+ [3 ]/ JTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。公仔箱論壇- ], X, I2 e, w/ y
Edward Snowden along with Sarah Harrison of WikiLeaks (left) at a press conference in Sheremetyevo airport in Moscow today. Photograph: Tanya Lokshina/Human Rights WatchTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。! }: F9 `( b% z" A( N1 O
        
- \2 ~+ w. H) P; K& E/ ?0 g, b莫斯科謝列梅捷機場（Sheremetyevo International Airport）新聞處證實，中情局前僱員斯諾登將於本港時間今晚9點，在機場與人權組織代表及個別受邀人士會面；有人權組織代表收到署名為斯諾登的電郵，邀請他們其時到機場與其見面。os.tvboxnow.com# k8 g9 j8 ?& _1 w, q8 ]
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ABC致電信末附有的電話號碼，由自稱是機場工作人員的男子接聽；該男子稱，會議不准傳媒採訪；有記者要求加入會議，被告知斯諾登的團隊將於會後向傳媒作交代，但未有說明斯諾登本人會否露面。3 o' k8 r9 b' r- |
        
$ `; T* N0 V, m& @& MTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。俄政府發言人表示，沒有俄國官員收到邀請。
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" X- \1 ~+ N, r4 M1 }tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb人權監察俄羅斯分部人員Tanya Lokshina約在本港時間今午4點，在個人facebook專頁上公開一封署名為斯諾登的電郵。信件邀請各人權組織派出不多於三名代表，於本港時間今晚8:30到機場集合地點，9點與斯諾登會面；信件並無透露會面會在何處舉行。公仔箱論壇; _6 h5 e& r  U6 h
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信件真偽目前未能確定，但莫斯科謝列梅捷機場新聞處回覆CNN等傳媒查詢時証實，斯諾登將於今日與人權組織代表會面。公仔箱論壇2 A: u: I3 j- W6 V
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在Lokshina公開的信件中，疑為斯諾登的寄件者感謝批准其政治庇護申請的國家，但指美國違反《世界人權宣言》，阻止他到達這些國家。斯諾登指他將在會面中與人權組織代表與個別受邀人士討論他的下一步部署。tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb1 u& }7 a0 e8 |; i3 B, S
      
% |0 g* Z0 o& O- k1 M$ ptvb now,tvbnow,bttvb 外界相信，斯諾登自上月23號離港抵達俄羅斯後，一直停留在莫斯科謝列梅捷機場。7 V5 k0 ]; p8 M7 p$ {) R: n

% r! d/ }. `4 C' \- ^附：Tanya Lokshina在facebook公開的信件全文
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                I have been extremely fortunate to enjoy and accept many offers of supporttvb now,tvbnow,bttvb! B0 O7 R8 O3 z9 N* |. r5 \
                and asylum from brave countries around the world. These nations have my
! l3 r5 V' g. c( ros.tvboxnow.com                gratitude, and I hope to travel to each of them to extend my personal7 {4 Q0 x9 i1 K! m0 p( z3 m7 Y
                thanks to their people and leaders. By refusing to compromise their4 @; ]8 n4 A  K" I+ N6 m5 Q
                principles in the face of intimidation, they have earned the respect of5 R6 a2 v0 ?- p: P+ o) e" n6 z/ Z
                the world.公仔箱論壇& T6 l) Y& L3 P- ?+ ~
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                Unfortunately, in recent weeks we have witnessed an unlawful campaign by
7 u% ~6 [) L# G8 C7 dos.tvboxnow.com                officials in the U.S. Government to deny my right to seek and enjoy this公仔箱論壇- i3 h5 k" H# s/ Z7 d
                asylum under Article 14 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Thetvb now,tvbnow,bttvb9 r/ a6 ~* a$ p* X# L. E
                scale of threatening behavior is without precedent: never before inTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。( L  ~( T  L+ i% c
                history have states conspired to force to the ground a sovereigntvb now,tvbnow,bttvb" S  B+ F* B, j, D, g) U4 X
                President's plane to effect a search for a political refugee. This
4 F6 Y& Z. u$ i* N/ F6 h! Fos.tvboxnow.com                dangerous escalation represents a threat not just to the dignity of Latintvb now,tvbnow,bttvb, r6 {/ R! }9 I  W
                America or my own personal security, but to the basic right shared by
- v" H3 t0 q- a+ X% S0 g! L( s公仔箱論壇                every living person to live free from persecution.
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8 j, D4 w! C' ?! s7 S- vos.tvboxnow.com                I invite the Human Rights organizations and other respected individuals! k) b# J0 R$ z! k
                addressed to join me on 12 July at 5:00PM at Sheremetyevo Airport in
) q8 W7 i3 ]# e7 h                Moscow for a brief statement and discussion regarding the next stepsTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。$ ^% Y8 b9 e( M  t6 ?
                forward in my situation. Your cooperation and support will be greatly
- u" Q- L7 v& c# }: j0 f) z: v) i8 q! s  Qtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb                appreciated in this matter.
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                Sincerely,
  C9 h4 L9 M4 ], Y) oTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。                Edward Joseph Snowden
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                MEETING DETAILS:8 p4 b4 i8 p% m7 h4 T
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。/ t5 I& K, z. B; Q( m' o$ e# a5 _- x
                Please meet at 4.30pm at Sheremetyevo airport in Terminal F, in the centre2 f0 E. p3 O9 d+ w$ l0 W' J, `
                of the arrival hall. Someone from airport staff will be waiting there to- E. V% ?- `6 ]4 d& J5 M5 h. G% J
                receive you with a sign labelled "G9". Please bring a copy of this invite6 j0 d& H1 F; }
                and ID to show that you work for your organization as security will likely公仔箱論壇. I9 j8 \0 D3 @
                be tight at this meeting. A maximum of three people are able to attendtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb) f  e  v4 C6 ]4 ?# k
                from each organization. For any questions please contact the airport
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衛報再踢爆稜鏡  微軟向國安洩客戶加密資料tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb0 t# y! n* _' f6 ?% b! Y
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TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。+ ]4 D" N9 y6 G8 f- f7 r

. K) y7 ?: X$ L8 [6 n7 ytvb now,tvbnow,bttvb《衞報》今天再次爆料，指微軟公司多年來一直容許美國國家安全局（NSA）繞過加密，取得Outlook.com（包括Hotmail）及雲端儲存服務SkyDrive用戶的文件，以及容讓NSA截取Skype的用戶視像通訊。新的揭密顯示，每次加密技術有所修訂，微軟都會主動調整設定，讓NSA透過稜鏡（PRISM）計劃取得用戶的資料；文件亦顯示NSA會與聯邦調查局（FBI）分享稜鏡計劃收集得來的資料。公仔箱論壇' l* Q- q! K. d
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微軟發表聲明，指該公司只會在收到法庭頒令後，才會容許當局取得特定用戶或指定的資料。NSA發言人則指報道提及的行動都是按法庭頒令進行的監控行為。公仔箱論壇4 [2 a& n5 N- |* K6 R
        
& `3 Y; u$ T% g# P. x9 `2 l: [5 B6月初，《衞報》及《華盛頓郵報》報道稜鏡計劃，並公開機密文件引述NSA稱可「直接進入」Google、facebook、Apple等公司的用戶網絡後，包括微軟在內的多家網絡服務商均表示對稜鏡計劃「毫不知情」，否認公司「開後門」讓NSA調查人員進入。
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Outlook、Hotmail、Live、Skype、Skydrive全部受監控os.tvboxnow.com6 ^* Y$ J# d- G" n" `; N* ^) K
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《衞報》的報道根據前NSA外判僱員斯諾登，向該報提供的NSA機密內部通訊寫就；這些通訊的內容顯示，NSA與微軟一直有深入的合作關係。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。; L; h/ x7 ^+ S- B
      
3 m! }. s6 t, {) p6 M 《衞報》得到的內部通訊稱，微軟Outlook.com去年中測試即將推出的即時網上通訊功能時，NSA希望加入截取機制；微軟與NSA合作，花了5個月時間研究如何讓NSA可以繞過加密程式，直接截取即時通訊內容。7 m) U9 I- H2 _! Z
新設定於去年12月測試完畢，微軟遂於今年2月推出這項即時通訊服務。另一則內部通訊稱，NSA可在郵件加密前就收集到Outlook.com, Hotmail與Live的電郵內容。os.tvboxnow.com4 J. Z* f6 e/ _
        
' N: k0 q) T, y. q公仔箱論壇一份今年4月初的文件形容，微軟與NSA合作多月，才能讓NSA毋須另外認證，就可登入並取得雲端硬碟SkyDrive的用戶文件。os.tvboxnow.com  E" \, n* s4 U1 c2 G, J. c% |) F
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另有文件顯示，Skype在2011年2月、即被微軟收購的8個月前，就已加入稜鏡計劃；法庭頒令於2011年發出，但NSA與Skype網絡連接的前期準備工作在2010年11月就已開始。微軟在過去兩年一直與NSA合作，增加NSA可截獲的Skype用戶視像/音頻通話數量。8 f- [/ v+ g+ X

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8 I) i( M) ?/ U8 [* qSnowden 剛在 Sheremetyevo機開完記者招待會 ，根據纽约時報記者Ellen Barry報道記者招待會已完， 現場比較混亂。 在會上 Snowden説他未能向國際組織求助是它們要求助者直接聯絡，只有聯合國難民及專員公署承認他的庇護尋求。人權觀察Tanya Lokshina 在閉門會議後説稍後會發放Snowden的聲名。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。' w! p/ r9 ^3 ^. ~) H
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felicity2010

斯諾登：尋俄短暫庇護  望能抵拉美os.tvboxnow.com" A! c- D( @6 Y4 e8 Q9 h' L5 ]
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. x+ D( b3 a7 O3 eos.tvboxnow.com斯諾登(中)在維基解密成員(左)陪同下，周五在俄羅斯機場過境區與人權組織代表會面。公仔箱論壇" T! e+ V. O0 ?# ~2 R% G

0 ]! y  }4 R4 ^! [( Utvb now,tvbnow,bttvb《衞報》報道，斯諾登於本港時間周五晚上9時，與數名人權組織代表及律師在莫斯科謝列梅捷機場（Sheremetyevo International Airport）會面；與會者在會後向傳媒引述斯諾登稱，自己無法飛往其他國家，只能先行尋求俄羅斯的短暫政治庇護，稍後再轉往拉美國家。os.tvboxnow.com  K; i" K  X+ [/ E" D+ a# u# ]
        
1 A; E+ i, V9 g# d& s5 C! R與會者包括國際特赦組織俄國分會主席Sergei Nikitin、人權觀察俄國分部代表Tanya Lokshina、俄羅斯總統府人權監察專員Vladimir Lukin、「維基解密」代表Sarah Harrison及俄國律師等人，會上並無記者在場。據Tanya Lokshina會後引述，斯諾登留在俄只是暫時，他最終仍希望到拉美國家尋求庇護。目前委內瑞拉、俄羅斯、玻利維亞、厄瓜多爾、尼加拉瓜均已表明會為斯諾登提供政治庇護。對於俄羅斯總統普京早前表明，斯諾登若想得到俄庇護需「停止傷害美國的行為」，斯諾登認為自己的行動並非傷害美國之舉。tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb+ b3 D* q7 g% D% P% F
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斥美將不擇手段阻其抵庇護國& i0 A5 H/ o1 M# b
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早前，已批准斯諾登庇護申請的玻利維亞，總統莫拉利斯（Juan Evo Morales Aym）乘專機由俄返國時，遭歐洲諸國質疑是否與斯諾登同行，禁止其專機進入領空。斯諾登表示，自己獲聯合國難民署確認為政治庇護尋求者，但美國仍阻止斯諾登前往已批准其庇護申請的國家，希望國際社會可向歐美施加壓力，使其不再阻止他到他國尋求政治庇護。
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+ K) b* E4 d$ x2 w! {俄羅斯政府早前表示，在普京表明批准庇護的條件後，斯諾登曾拒絕接受俄的政治庇護。
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% E* z: H1 n5 ~TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。「維基解密」於本港時間約11時，代斯諾登發佈聲明（見下）。斯諾登在聲明中抨擊華府違反憲法監控民眾，形容美國法院的頒令「腐蝕」了它本應秉持的公義，又引紐倫堡大審判為例，指出人對整個人類社會的責任，高於其對國家的義務，並重申自己揭密不為利己，他也沒與任何他國「合作」。
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8 a2 |) s, s( E! f/ W. ~* x# _$ k+ bos.tvboxnow.com多國批准庇護 全部接受5 |2 l8 H; @8 B" P$ s
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斯諾登指，美國向其他國家施壓不可收容他，做法違反國際法，侵犯了他作為一個人，尋求政治庇護的基本權利。他表示，已得俄國、委內瑞拉、玻利維亞、厄瓜多爾、尼加拉瓜批准其庇護申請，他全部接受，任何國家均無權阻止他接受庇護的權利；但歐美採取非法手段阻撓，使他無法到達拉丁美洲接受庇護。他促請國際特赦組織及人權觀察，協助他安排能安全到達拉美的途徑。
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聲明全文如下：               
4 x; O! ]! {" K/ Z5 Otvb now,tvbnow,bttvbHello. My name is Ed Snowden. A little over one month ago, I had family, a home in paradise, and I lived in great comfort. I also had the capability without any warrant to search for, seize, and read your communications. Anyone’s communications at any time. That is the power to change people’s fates.' O4 ~- D  f! N$ r3 e
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It is also a serious violation of the law. The 4th and 5th Amendments to the Constitution of my country, Article 12 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and numerous statutes and treaties forbid such systems of massive, pervasive surveillance. While the US Constitution marks these programs as illegal, my government argues that secret court rulings, which the world is not permitted to see, somehow legitimize an illegal affair. These rulings simply corrupt the most basic notion of justice – that it must be seen to be done. The immoral cannot be made moral through the use of secret law.
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I believe in the principle declared at Nuremberg in 1945: "Individuals have international duties which transcend the national obligations of obedience. Therefore individual citizens have the duty to violate domestic laws to prevent crimes against peace and humanity from occurring."
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Accordingly, I did what I believed right and began a campaign to correct this wrongdoing. I did not seek to enrich myself. I did not seek to sell US secrets. I did not partner with any foreign government to guarantee my safety. Instead, I took what I knew to the public, so what affects all of us can be discussed by all of us in the light of day, and I asked the world for justice.os.tvboxnow.com# c! g2 f& _+ c
               
( v- A& u+ {6 Z  a7 z2 Z2 j) Los.tvboxnow.comThat moral decision to tell the public about spying that affects all of us has been costly, but it was the right thing to do and I have no regrets.
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( b) `* Y0 X+ J3 Z7 Z, o- |# z7 E' x- vos.tvboxnow.comSince that time, the government and intelligence services of the United States of America have attempted to make an example of me, a warning to all others who might speak out as I have. I have been made stateless and hounded for my act of political expression. The United States Government has placed me on no-fly lists. It demanded Hong Kong return me outside of the framework of its laws, in direct violation of the principle of non-refoulement – the Law of Nations. It has threatened with sanctions countries who would stand up for my human rights and the UN asylum system. It has even taken the unprecedented step of ordering military allies to ground a Latin American president’s plane in search for a political refugee. These dangerous escalations represent a threat not just to the dignity of Latin America, but to the basic rights shared by every person, every nation, to live free from persecution, and to seek and enjoy asylum.os.tvboxnow.com7 d" a3 ]* b/ g8 Z8 [/ u
               
. Y; N7 F- t) U/ `公仔箱論壇Yet even in the face of this historically disproportionate aggression, countries around the world have offered support and asylum. These nations, including Russia, Venezuela, Bolivia, Nicaragua, and Ecuador have my gratitude and respect for being the first to stand against human rights violations carried out by the powerful rather than the powerless. By refusing to compromise their principles in the face of intimidation, they have earned the respect of the world. It is my intention to travel to each of these countries to extend my personal thanks to their people and leaders.
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/ }* ]% d5 m" B3 X0 ?TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。I announce today my formal acceptance of all offers of support or asylum I have been extended and all others that may be offered in the future. With, for example, the grant of asylum provided by Venezuela’s President Maduro, my asylee status is now formal, and no state has a basis by which to limit or interfere with my right to enjoy that asylum. As we have seen, however, some governments in Western European and North American states have demonstrated a willingness to act outside the law, and this behavior persists today. This unlawful threat makes it impossible for me to travel to Latin America and enjoy the asylum granted there in accordance with our shared rights.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb2 O: s7 D. O) D" h* \5 {
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This willingness by powerful states to act extra-legally represents a threat to all of us, and must not be allowed to succeed. Accordingly, I ask for your assistance in requesting guarantees of safe passage from the relevant nations in securing my travel to Latin America, as well as requesting asylum in Russia until such time as these states accede to law and my legal travel is permitted. I will be submitting my request to Russia today, and hope it will be accepted favorably.
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If you have any questions, I will answer what I can.
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Thank you.