曼德拉「彩虹」願景長留人間 * P' ]8 c! r2 ^1 |8 U0 R+ _8 S& M* A . w: i: s9 S9 B; m z9 {. v X Ltvb now,tvbnow,bttvb再偉大的政治人物,在自然規律面前,也終歸要面對人生謝幕的一刻。被全球輿論普遍視為「百年來最偉大人物」的曼德拉走了,給這個依然為種族歧視困擾的世界,留下一個美麗的「彩虹」願景。 ( ]/ {" m5 q8 f8 X0 [os.tvboxnow.comtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb5 b/ h3 e$ i/ V! `; b8 G: P
這一願景,不僅需要已經成功打破種族隔離制度的南非繼續深耕,同樣需要面臨全球人口大流動的各國政府及民眾,共同努力實現。 ; d$ }8 Z2 g& n" W% `3 b0 etvb now,tvbnow,bttvb公仔箱論壇% y- L& |. f2 P* R% z. i
曼德拉是反抗種族壓迫的人道主義鬥士。在世人眼中,他最值得稱道的「偉大」之處,在於窮盡畢生精力、不畏牢獄折磨甚至生命脅迫地追求種族平等。通過他的努力,南非最終得以廢除長期存在的種族隔離制度,將看似幻想的建立統一、多種族平等相待的「彩虹國」的目標,變為觸手可及的現實。4 E k3 {# `6 c z
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他以超乎尋常的智慧,於二十七年的囚禁生涯中,深刻體認到不論白人還是黑人專制,均有害於社會公平,更參透「奪走別人自由的人是仇恨的囚徒」,「壓迫者和被壓迫者同樣需要獲得解放」,因此樹立起建設人人和諧、機會均等的民主自由社會的理想。其超越種族、超越個人仇恨的大愛胸襟,不僅感召了黑人民眾,甚至讓代表白人統治的審判者也感到羞愧。( m6 U* i# S. e3 V/ g
- O9 w8 A9 o9 Q+ j7 r" L. {' ^而對於全球的政治界域而言,他為世人打開了一扇窗,讓人們得以明瞭:對於一個深受奴役的種族或階層,要在充滿壓迫的環境下爭得政治地位與平等權利,以革命為名發起暴力抗爭,並非唯一可以選擇的道路。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。1 O7 L' c% K1 I1 E s' Y! \8 z
+ E2 }6 U" T( ~os.tvboxnow.com曼德拉的作為,不僅對南非,對全球的黑人民權運動的發展,乃至對不同社會如何解決階層間激化的矛盾,作用與示範意義都堪稱巨大。os.tvboxnow.com$ r7 w- [# F) \1 Y3 u! o+ X
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曼德拉以個人的不懈努力,讓種族平等的理想之光照進了現實的角落,但讓這一理想在南非的土地上生根發芽,變為根植人心的社會理念並得以人人踐行,卻仍有相當漫長的路途需要跋涉。% E+ i* S9 ~$ `8 U( v
; @+ o* A, o& d9 O新南非成立後,曼德拉建立「彩虹國」的理想從形式上達成,國家也立法保護所有公民享有平等的權利。政府並於二○○三年頒布《黑人經濟振興法案》,以幫助提高黑人的經濟地位,讓黑人逐步掌握國家的經濟主導權。 2 k' h& Y; j" q: l RTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。6 y# F; p' W/ A( @0 V+ p# x
然而,當前種族問題依然是南非的主要社會矛盾。今年十月,南非總統祖馬公開指出,雖然近年南非黑人地位不斷提升,中產階層亦大幅增加至逾四百萬之眾,但相當數量的黑人仍徘徊於貧困線上下,長期面對失業與不平等的現實,與白人階層的狀況反差巨大。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。; V3 M0 X, I. P' b( q: D1 ]4 o
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但與此同時,也有白人群體舉行遊行,抗議白人農場主被謀殺事件的不斷發生,嗆聲自己受到不平等待遇。 Z1 A- }8 x' W+ O; ^5 ^公仔箱論壇tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb) i; m- q2 l7 S+ E# S
另一方面,南非多地示威不斷,在有的地方,貧困民眾以暴力方式,要求政府提供房屋等基本生活保障。而該國一機構近期公布的調查指,超過一成受訪者不願信任政府的領導人,表明民眾對國家的信心正在喪失。 5 g: ]9 p g$ |5 a: Z4 J' yos.tvboxnow.comos.tvboxnow.com) d* o8 j5 V0 J8 Q7 G
上述情況從不同側面,描繪出「彩虹國」當下複雜而真實的圖景,顯示在一個不同種族同居的國度,要想解決好種族歧視問題,不但需要曼德拉當初提出「彩虹」式理想的膽識與勇氣,更需要在任的執政者,以及各種服務社會的非政府組織,做大量細緻而微的工作,盡最大努力消除貧困,讓生活在底層的人士獲得公平發展的機會,看到生活的希望與生存的價值。9 S+ F6 G. z8 C) R
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當前全球正面臨空前規模的人口流動潮,在美、加、澳、香港、台灣等地,新居民的到來,必然會攪動某些舊有的社會秩序,不同種族、族群與不同宗教信仰的人群,在重新的「排列組合」中,必然會出現新的問題,南非社會所面臨的矛盾,對上述國家或地區具有警示意義。 % A2 O2 y) ~- `' t' m aTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。) [. U2 d H' U3 z5 {
曼德拉留下的「彩虹」願景,也是世界各國民眾心嚮往之的理想社會藍圖。世人今日低首為曼德拉送上一曲悼念的挽歌,日後於踐行這一理想藍圖之時,切莫忘記將曼德拉超越個人與種族恩怨的大愛,與為實現夢想的勇毅堅忍的品格深藏於心,即便遇著重重阻礙與艱險,亦要一力昂首向前。
本帖最後由 felicity2010 於 2013-12-6 11:01 PM 編輯 / V, U* a" M* T8 t" |* GTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。- d/ M2 D( P+ t, K/ i" I
曼德拉告訴我們... ) T: g/ o5 J z" d8 G) T9 L3 u/ A* i : U, z$ x9 j8 WTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。曼德拉畢生為自由、民主、種族平等與尊嚴奮鬥,改變一個時代,這位時代巨人留下的睿智名言,將繼續影響往後每一代人。以下是曼德拉的名句選輯﹕公仔箱論壇- o. m3 l8 w) @9 i: p1 {# I( C! p' M TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。( k/ O9 K0 w8 U& I; E
談自由 " h. Z2 {( ?" A" V" A# `tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
"No power on earth can stop an oppressed people determined to win their freedom"tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb X, X9 l- {: I/ G; L9 m
— 1961 : ~3 G* X4 [3 T" m2 R4 X, rtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb 6 [0 C2 N6 E+ W4 w4 a. \4 \+ \+ uI have fought against white domination and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die公仔箱論壇6 ^4 Y* y9 M$ B P1 o
— 1964年曼德拉在法院自辯 , w: l% E O8 o: f- c6 A3 KTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。& V5 q( Z; A+ ?: _7 A1 p X& s* Z
"To deny any person their human rights is to challenge their very humanity. To impose on them a wretched life of hunger and deprivation is to dehumanize them. But such has been the terrible fate of all black persons in our country under the system of apartheid."4 W2 T7 \6 [+ R* ]
— 1990年獲釋後發表演說公仔箱論壇' j+ |* q# b. n
; U. V# P7 Z) P7 W6 T/ p- nos.tvboxnow.com"Our march to freedom is irreversible. We must not allow fear to stand in our way. Universal suffrage on a common voters' roll in a united democratic and non-racial South Africa is the only way to peace and racial harmony." : d E o, `9 UTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。— 1990年獲釋後發表演說公仔箱論壇) b$ O7 X7 ~4 I3 U+ k3 O* G1 Q0 F
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"Never, never and never again shall it be that this beautiful land will again experience the oppression of one by another and suffer the indignity of being the skunk of the world. Let freedom reign."TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。: p" e9 x! }( x( J# E5 _
— 1994年就職總統演說 8 e5 u. _% v4 v公仔箱論壇tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb8 \$ y9 G& v6 }3 E/ s0 n4 S
"I have walked that long road to freedom. I have tried not to falter; I have made missteps along the way. But I have discovered the secret that after climbing a great hill, one only finds that there are many more hills to climb. I have taken a moment here to rest, to steal a view of the glorious vista that surrounds me, to look back on the distance I have come. But I can rest only for a moment, for with freedom comes responsibilities, and I dare not linger, for my long walk is not yet ended."os.tvboxnow.com. a6 v# N7 G9 T% V
— 曼德拉自傳《Long Walk to Freedom》os.tvboxnow.com; M" o" H, p3 ?4 {, [7 {5 l
"A critical, independent and investigative press is the lifeblood of any democracy. The press must be free from state interference. It must have the economic strength to stand up to the blandishments of government officials. It must have sufficient independence from vested interests to be bold and inquiring without fear or favour. It must enjoy the protection of the constitution, so that it can protect our rights as citizens."tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb: E# z, S1 b! p
— 1994年出席國際新聞學會世界大會 : {& j$ A. z) Z! C1 J+ L, @; s公仔箱論壇
談公民抗命$ r9 o2 f% n3 D8 I( @) m% g
When a man is denied the right to live the life he believes in, he has no choice but to become an outlaw.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb( Z. d* `: B$ l8 e* q" ?; N, q
— 曼德拉自傳《Long Walk to Freedom》 + X2 P+ X4 z2 G' y公仔箱論壇
"Real leaders must be ready to sacrifice all for the freedom of their people." 6 d$ J! H7 l5 g) N7 g' @— 1998年出席黑人領袖盧圖利(Albert John Lutuli)百周年誕辰慶典 - S* ]% o1 m* f: Aos.tvboxnow.com
談種族 6 O* V, s5 E& Los.tvboxnow.com
"I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities." ) R( N- \# l: \8 f6 f) f) j8 N公仔箱論壇— 1964年tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb0 b7 D# _9 F2 q; Q
. ~! B* k. g9 i6 z: d8 |“No one is born hating another person because of the color of his skin, or his background, or his religion. People must learn to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love, for love comes more naturally to the human heart than its opposite.” , a- f7 f( G) J" F5 z5 k— 曼德拉自傳《Long Walk to Freedom》os.tvboxnow.com3 Q. P! v5 ]" |/ ?9 F5 y- j
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"It is never my custom to use words lightly. If twenty-seven years in prison have done anything to us, it was to use the silence of solitude to make us understand how precious words are and how real speech is in its impact on the way people live and die." 9 m6 l0 |3 g7 y4 B1 m2 z公仔箱論壇— 2000年, f3 L$ t4 ~9 j' m* J) Z# p, Q
談獲釋公仔箱論壇/ s: ^) z8 N( F% d% G4 L: {
"I stand here before you not as a prophet but as a humble servant of you, the people" # [2 Y! Y$ g+ P1 j, |— 1990年獲釋後發表演說: L) Y& l# b4 _% |
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"I was called a terrorist yesterday, but when I came out of jail, many people embraced me, including my enemies, and that is what I normally tell other people who say those who are struggling for liberation in their country are terrorists. I tell them that I was also a terrorist yesterday, but, today, I am admired by the very people who said I was one."; v2 C( p) V3 `4 {6 E+ F9 R
— 接受著名主持Larry King 專訪! z, Z0 r2 t9 v; B/ `
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"What I am condemning is that one power, with a president who has no foresight, who cannot think properly, is now wanting to plunge the world into a holocaust" & Q0 A! R9 L# e% C8 Z— 2003年1月斥美國總統喬治布殊部署侵伊公仔箱論壇' i1 a: ^+ q. C
"AIDS is a major problem to be tackled by the entire world. To deal with it requires resources far beyond the capacity of one continent. No single country has the capacity to deal with it." ' f: C& B0 A7 @4 r4 C7 JTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。— 曼德拉著名“Conversations with Myselftvb now,tvbnow,bttvb. F0 R7 \ ?& |8 M" n0 n0 }
論死亡 ) z4 X# J. [+ F+ vtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb
"Death is something inevitable. When a man has done what he considers to be his duty to his people and his country, he can rest in peace. I believe I have made that effort and that is, therefore, why I will sleep for the eternity."tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb2 h3 e! ^+ }, i% c' K0 \! y
— 1994年在紀錄片接受訪問 - ]" H+ y: {9 Q2 @ CTVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。os.tvboxnow.com9 y: W5 t n9 B- d; A" Y6 o
"There will be life after Mandela. On my last day I want to know that those who remain behind will say: 'The man who lies here has done his duty for his country and his people.' " 4 o h( w9 H' N1 c6 dos.tvboxnow.com— 1999 % ^6 o6 v9 m9 n& M% N- t公仔箱論壇
“I like friends who have independent minds because they tend to make you see problems from all angles.” ) }& _2 k) H |公仔箱論壇— 1975 5 o" w- T$ v2 r: B公仔箱論壇
陶傑: 南非法律 5 y8 c; \8 c" w: O : O. C( l" h( X" E: N公仔箱論壇 4 p! l w% A, o. h6 P+ ]! t % E* P& k- K8 O+ r) a4 ^, Z
曼德拉年輕的時候起,反抗南非的種族隔離統治。種族隔離(Apartheid),不止是政策,而且一度是南非的法律。南非的白人政府「依法」執行種族隔離,共四項法例。第一條是一九五〇年的「人口登記法」,號令全國登記血緣,分為四類:第一類白人,第二類「有色人種」如華人;第三類印度人;第四類為黑人。 ) u m/ x R1 |0 C) K5 n2 p2 v , W% a& z: y% z: R+ s' V* pos.tvboxnow.com 在四大類型之中,以「有色人種」最為微妙:華人為有色人種,土耳其裔和波斯裔呢?顯然並非白人,應入有色人種之列。但是與土耳其一海之隔的希臘,其五官形態,與土耳其相似,卻又是歐洲大陸人,亦當列為白人。公仔箱論壇' J: H0 Y8 b N9 k/ d
g* f' T2 c8 k- n& k9 B, \6 z Utvb now,tvbnow,bttvb 但是,與希臘一海之隔的塞浦路斯,希臘人和土耳其人雜居,許多還通婚,塞浦路斯人列入哪一類?白人還是有色人種?此外,阿爾巴尼亞是歐洲國家,如同巴爾幹半島,卻有大量伊斯蘭人口。os.tvboxnow.com* i& U; c' J5 E; ]1 \0 ^. R) @7 x8 A
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五十年代,冷戰時期,南非幾與世隔絕,很少外來人,所以南非政府只針對黑白兩色做功夫,中間兩類人為數甚少,處理馬馬虎虎,加上台灣商人多在南非投資,所以華人有時列為「榮譽白人」。os.tvboxnow.com/ N/ P' s3 }1 h: W# P7 Z8 m
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同一年,南非又通過「族裔居住法」,規定白人與黑人不可同區居住。白人住的城鎮,叫Town,黑人住外城,叫Township。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題,最新最快電視,軟體,遊戲,電影,動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。( C4 }4 s( _+ ]' c' a