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: F( h: c9 D. y0 }# J9 Cos.tvboxnow.comPeople have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more
( A+ P+ {& e. ?5 V: ?5 ?9 P" Zof our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and * E/ {. w& O7 x
deforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.
2 R2 M" d, y# [4 s: DWe’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。6 ]; I# g9 h9 g! `
astronauts and satellites on the following pages.
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+ M) L* ?) t) T4 ^& q6 v! d9 Ttvb now,tvbnow,bttvbAbove: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montana8 ?& ?, _7 W* W7 Q
This former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined.
' E. I- C& ?0 R: w& h$ K' q& n- eAn elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining. tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb* t3 f, L3 v8 s. j6 P5 u0 T
Today, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filledos.tvboxnow.com8 G4 x' _2 E% l8 s3 s7 _
with metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb! w% L7 u, [7 f7 G3 {1 X) _5 a8 }2 H
water can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.公仔箱論壇& g& H7 Z2 W6 O; m: ?0 ?
Currently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to
7 Z) Q  y3 ]/ L0 E' B) R& ]os.tvboxnow.comcontaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete 公仔箱論壇9 \( q4 h/ c8 X5 j2 ~
with gift shop and$2 admission fee.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。: P+ Z! z# g8 m9 N
This photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.
* u' \6 f9 p, B1 N( r+ ZTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。1 O' b: i) R% v/ [6 U, q7 ^
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1 s" S8 p, O$ g; @% MEscondida Mine, Chile
6 c- Q& W  i9 W5 y' U0 QThe Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces os.tvboxnow.com" K4 t  d6 s7 M0 x, c2 u
more copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and
1 G7 A& ~7 o. r2 dTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。representing nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.) j! ~( h* x5 N# ~3 T9 S
This image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。: I; F1 P' x; S! y. O5 Z3 ^" z# @
aboard NASA’s Terra satellite.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。  |& {& v# G% c& n9 j! M

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9 L$ K, D, k# g1 o# @TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Bingham Canyon Mine, Utah
: \  `9 x$ t1 K2 ILocated 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb9 P: B; _6 ?% D: {' O% P
more than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75
7 |; ^- v0 e) j' e# j2 }2 S7 C+ Amiles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach 0 d* j! @2 `0 b+ T/ \9 }
the top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces os.tvboxnow.com1 E7 v2 s9 B- T0 I  G
inside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80
  T) d9 d9 s% J0 F" `& Gfeet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。! c0 ~8 |6 @( p& l
This photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital
5 V8 a2 P/ `4 vcamera and an 800mm lens.os.tvboxnow.com6 g  S+ Q# f8 f; U
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5 w9 G* X7 @  R: @) h$ m0 RTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Yuba River Goldfields, California.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。% \7 |4 G. |) g( s# C  J- i$ [) K
The Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada, TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。8 Z' J( I# `* Y) {/ k* K' x
dredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd os.tvboxnow.com* J( N" G% j6 v. z- {2 P4 ^5 ~
landscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.
# s9 q" C% w. U: M) _Shortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic 公仔箱論壇# D. U9 c7 K) [0 B
mining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel, 8 h9 d: M  Z* N5 y1 ?( d9 G+ n0 w+ V
which was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with 公仔箱論壇  i& s& `# `9 g
685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.
( q0 K1 D$ O1 B: M+ e/ i( m  fDredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to : w6 r; w& v7 H
extract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the os.tvboxnow.com& B2 k) T1 A2 ~1 B' k  w# o. f/ f5 Z
gravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.
2 G3 Z9 Z! Q- k# Z  F% eThis image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。3 ~8 ^1 E# X5 \* D! B
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2 W1 K& ?# y  [6 j) TToquepala Copper Mine, Peru
& y+ N8 f9 o2 U1 k( c  CLocated in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep. TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。9 m. l* |: a+ K+ l
The mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was os.tvboxnow.com3 L) e3 L: O, k- C5 b2 b6 w- L" {
constructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center, os.tvboxnow.com8 j, Y# \8 I0 x- O
heading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space 6 G/ t9 U) c2 ?
Station on Sept. 22, 2003.
. F: Q/ \/ Y8 hTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
0 m1 i" N, u2 U' g4 z# kTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
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0 x0 D7 }4 r! L1 ^- p; Q* G* S公仔箱論壇Freeport Mine, Indonesia
8 k4 m7 `6 k0 u- ?tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThe Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman # c0 p, z& J  m+ N- h
Mountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of
. X3 I' K2 c4 j7 `: _8 d5 p" tos.tvboxnow.comthe largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is $ r8 _8 G& i1 b0 [+ l0 `- M
extensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb- L1 B9 I, ?' D6 P9 z9 d( q
This photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.公仔箱論壇2 j' w' Y& o0 i/ C
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! _0 ]: O% t( H7 DTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。" K4 @1 Y, A; g% E% U( D
Cananea Mine, Mexicoos.tvboxnow.com. [; |$ h+ C2 M$ Y$ W
The Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada
: U' ^8 [- r; y/ k; G9 _! b$ R0 htvb now,tvbnow,bttvbPit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains / V' u7 f; L  W" I+ G( _* v. Q
gold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock.
) j' ^5 G5 }. _# Itvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThe magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering
# R5 g. Y% s$ Bthe rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.
+ [) Z9 [& u4 n- jtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbA 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the
# R+ e. c: m# ~& Ros.tvboxnow.comMexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.8 ?0 k/ q! S. p
This image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.
& `+ r; k- ]5 O0 gTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。) m+ C5 z  k) T  `9 f" [

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0 G; w  h8 q  B, p0 p: H5 Wtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbPhosphate Mines, Jordantvb now,tvbnow,bttvb! Q* g  K5 E% n; j2 `3 g
Phosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60
8 ]6 P& @& u& _$ F' W" Xpercent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists os.tvboxnow.com" \6 d, z' D2 X
fear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb5 z) ^+ p* e% S2 V# K5 Z
point at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.! w1 d, H4 ^/ m2 W+ F
This image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra
) R# ?$ \' I% Sos.tvboxnow.comsatellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is   l6 \8 Y3 \# ]8 U/ v
blue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the 公仔箱論壇' ]- |2 J2 ?" }* Q7 N
lower part of the image that appears striped.  e& K0 z: M* l# ]. O/ S" [  Q
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New Cornelia Mine, Arizonatvb now,tvbnow,bttvb3 _7 q2 j1 i0 e( Z
Copper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。4 D9 s9 u' E4 C: y' |. z' V
above began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped
1 f9 Z6 U) }6 z: h$ Eos.tvboxnow.comland just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where + s- B/ g' P9 G& V% p. K
the metal was extracted.
& u: x0 u8 P9 M; C+ r公仔箱論壇TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。' Y; C6 B6 x! I4 {0 u( B  ?. Y! N  A( U

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  f" C6 q, k' Q2 J9 F4 s公仔箱論壇Hambach Coal Mines, Germany
4 y# W# T& e) ATVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。The bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany. os.tvboxnow.com; F5 i& b" e/ T( A( l4 A
One of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。3 |: P3 P' u& u& X' W
is twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.
% c) g3 H4 G. Z! r3 \This image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb1 w" s4 _/ i2 C5 s8 a5 w- g! b
Aug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb$ D$ ^1 q6 W1 T+ _9 ^
bare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.