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' z3 a4 s/ y8 G! lTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。People have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more : E( |1 J3 a* y) Q, d" i
of our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and
$ L# M& ~4 E5 J) a9 PTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。deforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb5 T: v* L; N  A( K
We’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。& u1 W) ]* A  @4 I% Z( R
astronauts and satellites on the following pages.3 T% X2 W3 X) d3 o! d; t; ^  I

* l9 Z: M5 G$ P+ btvb now,tvbnow,bttvbAbove: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montana9 B- c& ?  ^9 A  A
This former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined.
- n" H& c4 W) V公仔箱論壇An elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining. TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。6 {, u  I- j/ y& x2 i7 K- V
Today, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filledos.tvboxnow.com. g: x/ N0 u2 x  |& C5 ]
with metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The
  |' Q! q  A6 @( r8 Qtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbwater can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.
; Y# L! ^9 _* b+ ~/ B8 Y公仔箱論壇Currently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to
6 ?$ W, u' k  c2 R( L9 dcontaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。4 G3 b5 ~" L6 s3 B' @
with gift shop and$2 admission fee.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb+ e$ E" g7 T4 C
This photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.
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TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。* U3 d8 t; \7 @4 x* M4 P( ]/ [! h
Escondida Mine, ChileTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。+ D( i& @- y6 q  y
The Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces * x4 |* E8 N+ [  }' l) N2 ^
more copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb* v9 p# G/ u  q; w1 m0 n4 ?
representing nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.
) B) X6 s5 c  |# T6 UThis image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer
5 ^7 o& k0 n: b" H* c0 }. i9 Oaboard NASA’s Terra satellite.1 j. t6 B  |# D  |( a/ J7 G

! _8 g+ C! J  T# M) NTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
3 J* e6 P1 d+ p: B' z( \os.tvboxnow.com公仔箱論壇( f" Q2 J5 k, u8 P  m$ A/ f
Bingham Canyon Mine, Utah公仔箱論壇( s6 O) n3 p2 `
Located 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced os.tvboxnow.com# w$ m; p- S8 l  z/ R
more than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75
7 T* L" q3 N4 x) i+ X2 ]7 }公仔箱論壇miles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach
: ~) v4 q- R: m公仔箱論壇the top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces
% ?& T9 G, b3 L* }4 w4 ~: ttvb now,tvbnow,bttvbinside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80 os.tvboxnow.com6 g, Z* j0 ^5 l/ S+ @; v
feet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.
1 s; V  K  R* a; l% w2 B& ?( mtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital ' E4 T3 m/ L1 P2 V+ c
camera and an 800mm lens.公仔箱論壇& @- `$ B. O% ~; H
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Yuba River Goldfields, California.
( x$ ^$ F3 ?  T: E/ R" `The Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada, ) h1 G, S1 p( z$ P% z" e2 h& n" x' i3 T
dredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。4 ?  Y' l% l3 |, \
landscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.% x: A0 b5 J9 o' I7 }
Shortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic
) ^+ m* l& W$ RTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。mining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel, TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。/ m3 |& e/ @3 Z+ F6 t
which was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb- h  `8 a" y) H% N! G) s* b
685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.
. ^: w' M6 g5 @TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Dredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to
: d( `" S# B. E6 ?3 }" ]+ |$ CTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。extract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the $ B/ ^; d# o/ N) u, f* S/ B+ |# e
gravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb) Y( r% C, i* b" u. P3 Q2 [
This image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。7 b7 z. {: Z0 M4 k$ S7 R% b

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9 K* |- a. m: g, ~% L# C& cToquepala Copper Mine, Peru
1 k+ \  J2 h1 `  N# ]$ gtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbLocated in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep. 公仔箱論壇2 l2 |/ I+ }% F& @& Y
The mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was
) C" V, d& x" X3 ~( CTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。constructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center,
) x/ }3 M# s% s5 m! L, TTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。heading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb# y8 i/ t! ~7 v9 D) d& ?5 [
Station on Sept. 22, 2003.公仔箱論壇! e& A/ n. k, {) h7 d! H5 V3 B) M9 `
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% P2 J+ e7 w5 |1 K2 OTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
; M4 P/ h+ a5 n$ X, @5 DFreeport Mine, Indonesia
% ~) ^- d" d" F9 C8 G. B( b公仔箱論壇The Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman
8 x% S; }* z4 p! E. Y+ I, O- iTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Mountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of
3 f$ N" y) M5 ktvb now,tvbnow,bttvbthe largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is
4 {# I& s  g6 F8 K" Q1 h公仔箱論壇extensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.$ f$ O; z% F9 Y% g# S" U
This photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.
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Cananea Mine, Mexicoos.tvboxnow.com' W& v; A1 u: b' B. ^
The Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada os.tvboxnow.com! z8 a( {# G" w; E
Pit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains 公仔箱論壇9 c0 q$ |4 K( L# f0 N' O7 ~. w
gold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock.
: ]/ \/ o) Y. D% ^5 _# g4 [The magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering
0 L# O: t) b4 L* ~the rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。/ u# d& o  P4 \1 r' N. B5 _+ e
A 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb0 Q, h/ X, H& W$ r4 W% f
Mexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.公仔箱論壇$ U1 [0 u, T4 B' k0 _
This image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.
1 }9 q1 M! _; D) RTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。
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Phosphate Mines, Jordan
  @: g$ x( ~, L0 dtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbPhosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60
* v# O- V- E/ f! y* Spercent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists os.tvboxnow.com5 F# V* U& I9 [& _9 Q0 b
fear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the
8 H& h- U+ b8 M$ N( u- B7 _TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。point at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb# x2 {' a& o7 ]5 A( C. B
This image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra ' c' c3 D) Z3 N4 o: E' F  @2 h
satellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。3 E6 x) p) Z8 N+ P8 L3 [9 ^# K
blue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb' w1 r# Y. \/ ^5 A3 V* N8 h
lower part of the image that appears striped.
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7 `* |; b3 a2 W5 x; t+ R5 J& Mtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb( f1 i! v, U$ t9 V, S+ F( V4 k
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。- D( Z0 c. m0 _
New Cornelia Mine, Arizona
! a: H$ j5 c# z8 y# B4 BTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Copper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured os.tvboxnow.com2 ^& R0 @' {% F. J0 G) K( k
above began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped
% A7 U2 x7 d% Y: lTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。land just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where
8 x0 A; L( b: G7 ^) z) T, G. [the metal was extracted.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb) e( z# J7 z- A" M- O1 D$ T" l2 K
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Hambach Coal Mines, Germany3 [6 n3 \- a4 W( U  }
The bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany. tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb( q# c, c' z! n# c; _  h5 r% X
One of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator
! h. ?  t" C" c, X. H7 u8 U5 g公仔箱論壇is twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.
. g6 r& ^6 W' z, n+ ?% @/ B4 u0 H! g公仔箱論壇This image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite 2 ]# H1 w) M8 z' d) H6 h% n
Aug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are
1 {9 n3 k; v9 `% O: qbare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.