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標題: [自然百科] 使你的毛骨悚然的背上產子..蘇里南蟾蜍..和..巨型水臭蟲. [打印本頁]

作者: klamb 時間: 2013-10-17 02:28 AM 標題: 使你的毛骨悚然的背上產子..蘇里南蟾蜍..和..巨型水臭蟲.

本帖最後由 klamb 於 2013-10-19 10:18 AM 編輯

蘇里南蟾蜍Surinam toad,從皮膚內產出幼兒,使你的毛骨悚然（信息來源:wiki和其他）

蘇里南蟾蜍或星手指蟾蜍,又名"琵琶,琵琶",是"负子蟾科"家庭一種青蛙Surinam toad or star-fingered toad (Spanish: aparo, rana comun de celdillas, rana tablacha, sapo chinelo, sapo chola, or sapo de celdas) (Pipa pipa) is a species of frog in the Pipidae family.

Pipidae family.

它發現在玻利維亞，巴西，哥倫比亞，厄瓜多爾，法屬圭亞那，圭亞那，秘魯，蘇里南，特里尼達和多巴哥，委內瑞拉。它的天生棲息地是亞熱帶或熱帶潮濕低地森林，沼澤，淡水沼澤.
It is found in Bolivia , Brazil , Colombia , Ecuador , French Guiana , Guyana , Peru , Suriname , Trinidad and Tobago , and Venezuela .Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests , subtropical or tropical swamps , swamps, freshwater marshes , and intermittent freshwater marshes.

Surinam toad

蘇里南蟾蜍的外形像有褐色斑點的葉子,身形幾乎是完全平坦的。它前趾，没有蹼,手指前端像有小型星狀物附著(是感覺器官),後足蹼發達.標本記錄有接近20厘米（8英寸）長.普通10-13厘米（4-5英寸）.蘇里南蟾蜍細小眼睛，沒有牙齒，沒有舌頭。
The Surinam toad is similar in appearance to a mottled brown leaf, and is almost completely flat. Its feet are broadly webbed with the front toes having small, star-like appendages. Specimens of close to 20 cm (8 in) in length have been recorded, although 10-13 cm (4-5 in) is a typical size. The Surinam toad has minute eyes, no teeth and no tongue

手指前端像有小型星狀物附著

蘇里南蟾蜍其顯著的生殖習慣,不像大多數的蟾蜍，蘇里南蟾蜍不用"croaks"和其他聲音吸引異性.相反，它們用他們的喉嚨舌骨產生一個尖銳的咔嗒聲.
Surinam toads are best known for their remarkable reproductive habits. Unlike the majority of toads, the males of this species don't attract mates with croaks and other sounds often associated with these aquatic animals. Instead they produce a sharp clicking sound by snapping the hyoid bone in their throat.

男性抱合女性後,在水中並作弧線翻滾,每次翻滾,，女性釋放3-10個卵子，再由男性在她的背上的動作,將卵子嵌入在皮膚內.植入後的卵子,在數天後的皮膚形成不規則的蜂窩狀的外觀,表示蟾蜍幼蟲發育到蝌蚪及幼蟾蜍階段.幼蟾蜍最終要擺脫母親,雖然他們是小於一英寸長（2厘米),也要開始主要自己的獨自生活.

The partners rise from the floor while in amplexus and flip through the water in arcs. During each arc, the female releases 3–10 eggs, which get embedded in the skin on her back by the male's movements. After implantation the eggs sink into the skin and form pockets over a period of several days, eventually taking on the appearance of an irregular honeycomb. The larvae develop through to the tadpole stage inside these pockets, eventually emerging from the mother's back as fully developed toads, though they are less than an inch long (2 cm). Once they have emerged from their mother's back, the toads begin a largely solitary life.

嬰兒出生

[youtube]otfaA0bd7Yg[/youtube]

Belostomatidae另一種生物具有同樣的情況,它是Belostomatidae,男性隨身攜帶卵子.
是屬巨型水臭蟲。種本屬男性照顧卵子.卵子是放在男性的背部，直到卵孵化成長.

負子蝽科（田鱉科）Belostomatidae
昆蟲綱半翅目的一個科。
體長9-110毫米。前足捕捉式，腹部末端的呼吸管短而扁，能縮入.
世界已知143種，廣泛分佈。我國有3屬7種，大型的桂花蟬Lethocerus indica Lep. & Serv. 可食用。多生活在靜水中，常附著在水草上靜伺獵物，捕食兇猛。趨光性強。雌蟲產卵於雄蟲背上，後者常游到水面或用足划水使卵得到充足的氧氣，以利孵化。(百度百科)